Reports

Private Networks in Education: Cost-Effective, Long-Term Solution to Bridge the Digital Divide

Prakash Sangam, Sept 04th, 2023
In today’s hyper-connected world, online learning is an integral part of the curriculum, whether augmenting in-person classes or fully remote education. However, the Digital Divide experienced by K-12 students is a significant hurdle in getting a well-rounded, holistic education. While utilizing public cellular networks can often be a quick fix, Private Networks are proving to be a cost-effective, long-term solution for this challenge.
Small cells deployed on school buildings combined with mobile hotspots and fixed Wireless Access terminals make it possible to provide coverage to homes around schools, and Wi-Fi enables in-home connectivity for students. Kajeet, a leader in education technology, has successfully deployed such networks in more than 40 US school districts.
In this paper you will learn:
  • School Private Networks could be up to seven times lower TCO than other options
  • 5G and Wi-Fi 6, e and Wi-Fi 7 enable new features such as AR/VR/MR/XR that are proven to improve learning
  • Guidelines for school districts for evaluating and deploying Private Networks
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3GPP Rel. 17 Laying Foundation for the Next Phase of 5G

Prakash Sangam, January 13, 2022
Having seen most of its development under the shadows of a global pandemic, Rel. 17 is putting a solid foundation for the next phase of 5G. The primary focus of the standard has been expanding the benefits of 5G beyond traditional smartphone and broadband markets to many industry verticals. It blazes a new trail supporting several path-breaking concepts, enabling a wide range of industry verticals while also elevating mobile broadband performance. It is expected to be finalized in the third quarter of 2022.
This paper offers insights into:
  • New concepts such as Reduced Capability (Red Cap), eXtended Reality (XR), and Non-terrestrial Network (NTN)
  • Enhancements to Rel.15 and Rel. 16 features such as MIMO, Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB), Positioning, SideLink, and mor
  • 5G Advanced with Rel. 18 introducing futuristic concepts such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) / Machine Learning (ML), Full-Duplex operation, Network Power Saving, and others
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3GPP Rel. 16: Enhancing and expanding 5G's reach - Broadband, IoT and beyond

Prakash Sangam, December 20th, 2020
Defining the future of 5G, Rel. 16, has become a significant step expanding the reach of 5G and opening new markets and business opportunities for the cellular ecosystem. It focuses on Massive IoT and Mission Critical Services.
•    Heralding a new Industrial IoT Era, and Industry 4.0
•    Further enhancing Mobile Broadband
•    Making 5G deployments easier and cost-efficient
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IoT Modules Hardened with End-to-End Security

Prakash Sangam, February 25th, 2020
As awareness of the transformative nature of 5G is increasing, the industry is slowly waking up to the enormous challenge of securing not only the networks but also all the things these networks connect and the vital data they carry. The security of the Internet of Things (IoT) systems that connect homes, enterprises, industries, and countries’ critical infrastructure is of paramount importance. 
IoT modules, which are at the heart of IoT devices, are a critical part of the complex and multifaceted security challenge. Any compromised module exposes the entire system. Hence, module security must be comprehensive, including the hardware, software, firmware, and management systems that facilitate device lifecycle management. 
This paper offers insights into:
  • Why are IoT devices more vulnerable to security threats, and why is it extremely important to secure them
  • What a comprehensive model of IoT device security looks like
  • How hardened IoT modules are key to IoT device as well as full system security 
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Designing Cellular IoT Devices for Battery Life

Prakash Sangam, January 16th, 2020
This paper explains how LTE has technologies that scale up and down for the diverse IoT needs and discusses the optimizations adopted into LTE IoT LPWAN technologies (LTE-M and NB-IoT). It offers guidance about how to decide the best LTE technology by target use case and how to optimally design and provision IoT devices to maximize their battery life.
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Building 5G IoT on the Solid Foundation of LTE IoT

Prakash Sangam, October 4th, 2019
With the first 5G commercial mobile broadband networks getting off the ground, and the first devices coming to market, the focus of industry leaders is shifting toward exploring what’s next. 5G IoTis naturally the next major opportunity for the cellular industry. A leading industry analyst firm, Machina Research, forecasts a staggering 6 billion Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) IoT connections by 2026. While the 5G-NR (New Radio) IoT standard is still in development, LTE IoT has already started building a strong foundation and will support the bulk of those connections. Capitalizing on this foundation, 5G IoT, which is comprised of Massive IoT and Mission Critical Services, will take the performance to a new level, allowing a very high density of devices, as well as ultra-low latency and extreme reliability.
For industry participants who envision to be leaders in IoT, it is imperative that they continue to invest in LTE IoT, or else they risk losing their market leadership to competition.
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The Role of LTE Advanced Pro in the Evolution Toward 5G

Prakash Sangam, May 1st, 2019
While most of the industry focus is on deploying new 5G-NR based networks, the evolution of 4G LTE networks will continue to be a pillar of cellular networks for a long time to come. Due to investments required, cellular operators will be focused on deploying the new 5G-NR networks where they are needed most—urban and dense urban parts of the network where capacity needs are highest and
cell site concentration is densest. Hence, for the foreseeable future, underlying 4G LTE networks will provide the broad-based, ubiquitous, country-wide coverage for the 5G-NR devices. To accomplish that, 4G LTE networks must evolve to match the capabilities of 5G-NR in terms of speed and capacity to provide a seamless user experience. Realizing this, 3GPP has devised a set of advanced features to continue enhancing the capabilities of 4G LTE as part of Rel. 13 and onwards. This upgrade in
capabilities has been called “LTE Advanced Pro (LTE-A-Pro).”
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